Paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation occurs in in over 50% of patients, and correlates with 1-year mortality. The regurgitant jets are best characterized with transesophageal echocardiography to define the circumferential extent and cross-sectional area. Overtime, most the regurgitation decreases, and occasionally disappears completely.

Transcatheter cardiac interventions are a fast evolving field. The past decade has seen the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, transcatheter mitral valve repair and replacement, septal defect closure devices and left atrial appendage closure devices for thromboprophylaxis.